United States

Date ↓	Case Title	Summary	Tool
2026-01-26	E.D. Pa. — Rule 11 sanctions for AI-hallucinated citations (Lifetime Well)	The court imposed Rule 11 sanctions after defense counsel filed memoranda containing false case citations and non-existent quotati...	Unspecified gen...
2026-01-21	7th Cir. (US) — Pro se filing with AI-like hallucinated quotations	The Seventh Circuit addressed apparent “hallucinated” quotations attributed to real cases in a pro se appellant’s reply brief and ...	Unknown / Not D...
2026-01-05	S.D.N.Y. — ChatGPT logs discovery order affirmed	In the consolidated OpenAI copyright litigation, the district judge denied OpenAI’s objections to two magistrate judge discovery o...	ChatGPT
2026-01-02	S.D. Ohio — OSC over fabricated citations (AI suspected)	The court sustained third-party defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the counterclaim/third-party complaint against them wi...	Unspecified gen...
2025-11-26	m.d. fla. (us) — suspected ai citations: fees, cle, and bar referral	The court found that counsel filed a TRO motion containing fabricated cases, quotations not found in cited decisions, and authorit...	Unknown / Not D...
2025-10-27	d. or. (us) — hallucinated citation triggers rule 11 show cause	The court identified that a key authority cited to support an interim fee request was “totally fake” and described as a hallucinat...	ChatGPT (suspec...
2025-05-22	utah ct app (us) — chatgpt hallucinated petition: fees, refund, donation	The court addressed a petition for interlocutory appeal containing fabricated or inapposite authorities, including a hallucinated ...	ChatGPT
2025-05-20	s.d. fla. (us) — ai hallucinated case: fees, cle, and fines	The court found that defense counsel filed a response containing a wholly fabricated case citation that could not be located, and ...	Unknown / Not D...
2025-02-24	d. wyo. (us) — mx2.law hallucinations: pro hac vice revoked and fines	The court addressed motions in limine that cited numerous non-existent cases generated by an AI platform after counsel used an AI-...	LegalTool: mx2....
2024-11-25	edtx (us) — claude hallucinated cases: $2,000 penalty and ai cle	The court considered whether plaintiff’s counsel should be sanctioned for filing a summary-judgment response containing AI-generat...	Claude
2024-01-30	2d cir (us) — chatgpt fake citation referred to grievance panel	The court addressed counsel’s admission that she cited a non-existent state-court decision in a reply brief after relying on ChatG...	ChatGPT
2023-06-22	sdny (us) — chatgpt hallucinated citations sanctioned	The court found that counsel filed submissions containing non-existent judicial opinions with fake quotations and citations genera...	ChatGPT

II. Regulation

Date	Regulation Title	Summary	Status ↑
2026-01-06	FDA final guidance on general wellness and low-risk devices (Jan 2026)	Requires legal and advisory teams to reassess claims, labeling, and governance for AI-enabled wellness features. Can reduce regula...	in force
2026-01-06	FDA final guidance on clinical decision support software (Jan 2026)	Materially affects product classification and regulatory strategy for AI-enabled CDS. Advisory teams should update scoping analyse...	in force
2026-01-21	7th Circuit warns pro se litigants on AI-generated filing errors	Heightens practical litigation-risk management for both pro se parties and counsel by underscoring that AI-assisted drafting does ...	in force
2026-01-08	NIST RFI on security considerations for AI agent systems (Jan 2026)	Creates a near-term opportunity for legal and advisory teams to shape emerging security expectations for agentic AI. Organizations...	open for comment
2026-01-21	HFAC advances AI OVERWATCH Act on advanced AI chip exports	Creates near-term watch item for export-control and national security practices; if enacted, would drive advisory work on licensin...	proposed
2026-01-29	California SB 574: Senate-passed bill on lawyers’ and arbitrators’ generative AI duties	If enacted, California legal practices would need a formalized AI-governance layer: approved-tool policies, confidentiality contro...	proposed

III. Incidents

Date ↓	Headline	Summary	Type
2026-01-29	California Senate passes SB 574 on lawyer verification and confidentiality for AI use	The California Senate passed SB 574, a bill that would codify duties for attorneys using generative AI, including verification of ...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-26	Federal judge sanctions two lawyers for AI-hallucinated case citations in filing	A U.S. federal judge in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania sanctioned two attorneys after identifying multiple AI-related “hallu...	Hallucination
2026-01-26	U.S. judges launch Judicial AI Consortium to address courtroom AI risks	A group of U.S. state and federal judges publicly announced the formation of the Judicial AI Consortium to coordinate on AI’s bene...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-21	7th Circuit warns pro se litigants about AI-driven misquotes in appellate filings	The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit issued an opinion addressing concerns that a self-represented appellant’s brief ...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-16	Connecticut sanctions motion alleges AI-hallucinated citations in court filings	In a Connecticut Superior Court case in Danbury, plaintiff’s counsel sought sanctions alleging that defense counsel filed motions ...	Hallucination
2026-01-16	California AG orders xAI to halt Grok-generated nonconsensual sexual deepfakes and CSAM	California Attorney General Rob Bonta issued a cease-and-desist letter to xAI demanding immediate action to stop creation and dist...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-15	US judiciary panel hears feedback on proposed Federal Rule 707 for AI-generated evidence	The U.S. Judicial Conference’s Advisory Committee on Evidence Rules held a public hearing on a proposed new Federal Rule of Eviden...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-13	California SB 574 set for hearing on attorney and arbitrator duties when using GenAI	California legislative materials and contemporaneous reporting highlighted SB 574, a bill proposing statutory guardrails for attor...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-13	US Senate passes DEFIANCE Act creating civil claims for sexual deepfakes	The U.S. Senate passed the DEFIANCE Act to create a federal civil right of action for people harmed by nonconsensual, sexually exp...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-09	Woman alleges AI-generated “deepfake” texts were used as unverified evidence leading to jail	A U.S. local news investigation reported allegations that AI-generated “deepfake” text messages were used against a woman without ...	Deepfake Crime
2026-01-08	NY Unified Court System AI committee annual report proposes guardrails for AI in courts	New York’s Unified Court System publicly released an inaugural annual report from its Advisory Committee on AI and the Courts. Th...	Regulatory Acti...
2026-01-07	Massachusetts SJC interim GenAI guidelines restrict judges and court staff to admin use	Massachusetts’ Supreme Judicial Court was reported as having issued interim guidelines governing generative AI use by judges and c...	Regulatory Acti...
2025-12-24	FTC Settles with Rytr Over AI-Generated Fake Review Tools	The FTC finalized an enforcement action against the developer of an AI writing assistant for enabling the mass creation of fake co...	Regulatory Acti...
2025-12-20	Motion alleges San Francisco judge’s order contained AI-like citation and quote errors	A San Francisco Chronicle report described a litigant’s motion alleging that a San Francisco Superior Court judge’s order containe...	Hallucination
2025-12-20	North Dakota Implements AI Anti-Stalking Law	A new state law went into effect prohibiting the use of AI-powered robots or agents to stalk or harass individuals.	Regulatory Acti...
2025-12-15	Federal judge sanctions Hagens Berman over ChatGPT-hallucinated citations	Reuters reported that U.S. District Judge Fred Slaughter (Santa Ana, California) sanctioned plaintiffs’ counsel in an OnlyFans-par...	Hallucination
2025-12-15	Federal judge sanctions Hagens Berman over ChatGPT-hallucinated citations	Reuters reported that U.S. District Judge Fred Slaughter (Santa Ana, California) sanctioned plaintiffs’ counsel in an OnlyFans-par...	Hallucination
2025-12-11	US President Signs Executive Order on AI Litigation Task Force	President Trump signed an Executive Order establishing an AI Litigation Task Force within the DOJ to challenge state-level AI laws...	Regulatory Acti...
2025-12-09	ABA Issues Diligence Warning Over Errors in Judicial AI Decisions	The American Bar Association's Litigation Section highlighted a rise in errors within judicial decisions and the resulting ethical...	Regulatory Acti...
2025-09-24	Puerto Rico federal judge orders $24.4k fees over AI-style bogus citations in FIFA case	A federal judge in Puerto Rico sanctioned two plaintiffs’ lawyers in an antitrust suit involving FIFA and the Puerto Rico Soccer L...	Regulatory Acti...
2025-09-16	Nevada judge offers sanctions-or-education ultimatum after ChatGPT fake citations	A Nevada state-court judge found that a filing by two defense lawyers contained at least 14 apparently fictitious case citations, ...	Hallucination
2025-09-03	LACBA newsletter ethics column warns of sanctions tied to AI-hallucinated citations	A Los Angeles County Bar Association (LACBA) ethics column authored by John W. Amberg highlighted professional-responsibility risk...	Professional Gu...

United States

Country Intelligence Report

Summary

Total Records

Cases

Regulations

Incidents

Regulation Status

in force

proposed

open for comment

I. Jurisprudence

2026-01-26	E.D. Pa. — Rule 11 sanctions for AI-hallucinated citations (Lifetime Well) The court imposed Rule 11 sanctions after defense counsel filed memoranda containing false case citations and non-existent quotations, which counsel admitted were linked to the use of generative AI to...
2026-01-21	7th Cir. (US) — Pro se filing with AI-like hallucinated quotations The Seventh Circuit addressed apparent “hallucinated” quotations attributed to real cases in a pro se appellant’s reply brief and discussed risks of AI-assisted drafting by self-represented litigants....
2026-01-05	S.D.N.Y. — ChatGPT logs discovery order affirmed In the consolidated OpenAI copyright litigation, the district judge denied OpenAI’s objections to two magistrate judge discovery orders requiring production of a 20 million-conversation, de-identified...
2026-01-02	S.D. Ohio — OSC over fabricated citations (AI suspected) The court sustained third-party defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the counterclaim/third-party complaint against them with prejudice. In reviewing the defendants’ motion practice, the court ...
2025-11-26	m.d. fla. (us) — suspected ai citations: fees, cle, and bar referral The court found that counsel filed a TRO motion containing fabricated cases, quotations not found in cited decisions, and authorities unrelated to the propositions asserted. The opposing party argued ...
2025-10-27	d. or. (us) — hallucinated citation triggers rule 11 show cause The court identified that a key authority cited to support an interim fee request was “totally fake” and described as a hallucinated case, with attributes consistent with generative AI output. The co...
2025-05-22	utah ct app (us) — chatgpt hallucinated petition: fees, refund, donation The court addressed a petition for interlocutory appeal containing fabricated or inapposite authorities, including a hallucinated case that appeared to exist only through ChatGPT. Counsel acknowledge...
2025-05-20	s.d. fla. (us) — ai hallucinated case: fees, cle, and fines The court found that defense counsel filed a response containing a wholly fabricated case citation that could not be located, and counsel later admitted the citation resulted from using an AI tool wit...
2025-02-24	d. wyo. (us) — mx2.law hallucinations: pro hac vice revoked and fines The court addressed motions in limine that cited numerous non-existent cases generated by an AI platform after counsel used an AI-assisted tool to insert Wyoming case law. The court emphasized that a...
2024-11-25	edtx (us) — claude hallucinated cases: $2,000 penalty and ai cle The court considered whether plaintiff’s counsel should be sanctioned for filing a summary-judgment response containing AI-generated citations to non-existent cases and quotations that could not be fo...
2024-01-30	2d cir (us) — chatgpt fake citation referred to grievance panel The court addressed counsel’s admission that she cited a non-existent state-court decision in a reply brief after relying on ChatGPT to identify precedent. The court stated this conduct fell below ba...
2023-06-22	sdny (us) — chatgpt hallucinated citations sanctioned The court found that counsel filed submissions containing non-existent judicial opinions with fake quotations and citations generated by ChatGPT and then continued to stand by those authorities after ...

II. Regulations

2026-01-06	FDA final guidance on general wellness and low-risk devices (Jan 2026) Requires legal and advisory teams to reassess claims, labeling, and governance for AI-enabled wellness features. Can reduce regulatory burden for properly scoped wellness analytics but increases risk ...
2026-01-06	FDA final guidance on clinical decision support software (Jan 2026) Materially affects product classification and regulatory strategy for AI-enabled CDS. Advisory teams should update scoping analyses, clinician transparency materials, validation documentation, and cha...
2026-01-21	7th Circuit warns pro se litigants on AI-generated filing errors Heightens practical litigation-risk management for both pro se parties and counsel by underscoring that AI-assisted drafting does not reduce duties of accuracy; supports stronger internal verification...
2026-01-08	NIST RFI on security considerations for AI agent systems (Jan 2026) Creates a near-term opportunity for legal and advisory teams to shape emerging security expectations for agentic AI. Organizations deploying AI agents should evaluate governance, security testing, and...
2026-01-21	HFAC advances AI OVERWATCH Act on advanced AI chip exports Creates near-term watch item for export-control and national security practices; if enacted, would drive advisory work on licensing, supply-chain contracting, and compliance governance for advanced AI...
2026-01-29	California SB 574: Senate-passed bill on lawyers’ and arbitrators’ generative AI duties If enacted, California legal practices would need a formalized AI-governance layer: approved-tool policies, confidentiality controls, and a repeatable “human verification” process for citations and su...

III. Incidents

2026-01-29	California Senate passes SB 574 on lawyer verification and confidentiality for AI use The California Senate passed SB 574, a bill that would codify duties for attorneys using generative AI, including verification of AI-generated material and protections against inputting nonpublic info...
2026-01-26	Federal judge sanctions two lawyers for AI-hallucinated case citations in filing A U.S. federal judge in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania sanctioned two attorneys after identifying multiple AI-related “hallucinations‘ in briefing they signed. One attorney received a monetary s...
2026-01-26	U.S. judges launch Judicial AI Consortium to address courtroom AI risks A group of U.S. state and federal judges publicly announced the formation of the Judicial AI Consortium to coordinate on AI’s benefits and risks in courts. The initiative is positioned as a forum for ...
2026-01-21	7th Circuit warns pro se litigants about AI-driven misquotes in appellate filings The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit issued an opinion addressing concerns that a self-represented appellant’s brief contained quotations that did not appear in cited decisions, which the...
2026-01-16	Connecticut sanctions motion alleges AI-hallucinated citations in court filings In a Connecticut Superior Court case in Danbury, plaintiff’s counsel sought sanctions alleging that defense counsel filed motions containing fabricated and misquoted case law linked to AI-assisted dra...
2026-01-16	California AG orders xAI to halt Grok-generated nonconsensual sexual deepfakes and CSAM California Attorney General Rob Bonta issued a cease-and-desist letter to xAI demanding immediate action to stop creation and distribution of deepfake nonconsensual intimate images and child sexual ab...
2026-01-15	US judiciary panel hears feedback on proposed Federal Rule 707 for AI-generated evidence The U.S. Judicial Conference’s Advisory Committee on Evidence Rules held a public hearing on a proposed new Federal Rule of Evidence (Rule 707) addressing machine- or AI-generated evidence offered wit...
2026-01-13	California SB 574 set for hearing on attorney and arbitrator duties when using GenAI California legislative materials and contemporaneous reporting highlighted SB 574, a bill proposing statutory guardrails for attorneys’ and arbitrators’ use of generative AI. The bill would impose dut...
2026-01-13	US Senate passes DEFIANCE Act creating civil claims for sexual deepfakes The U.S. Senate passed the DEFIANCE Act to create a federal civil right of action for people harmed by nonconsensual, sexually explicit digital forgeries (including AI-generated deepfakes). The measur...
2026-01-09	Woman alleges AI-generated “deepfake” texts were used as unverified evidence leading to jail A U.S. local news investigation reported allegations that AI-generated “deepfake” text messages were used against a woman without adequate verification, resulting in her being jailed in Florida. The ...
2026-01-08	NY Unified Court System AI committee annual report proposes guardrails for AI in courts New York’s Unified Court System publicly released an inaugural annual report from its Advisory Committee on AI and the Courts. The report describes existing guardrails for judges and court staff (inc...
2026-01-07	Massachusetts SJC interim GenAI guidelines restrict judges and court staff to admin use Massachusetts’ Supreme Judicial Court was reported as having issued interim guidelines governing generative AI use by judges and court personnel. The guidance restricts GenAI to administrative tasks ...
2025-12-24	FTC Settles with Rytr Over AI-Generated Fake Review Tools The FTC finalized an enforcement action against the developer of an AI writing assistant for enabling the mass creation of fake consumer reviews.
2025-12-20	Motion alleges San Francisco judge’s order contained AI-like citation and quote errors A San Francisco Chronicle report described a litigant’s motion alleging that a San Francisco Superior Court judge’s order contained multiple legal citation and quotation problems consistent with AI-st...
2025-12-20	North Dakota Implements AI Anti-Stalking Law A new state law went into effect prohibiting the use of AI-powered robots or agents to stalk or harass individuals.
2025-12-15	Federal judge sanctions Hagens Berman over ChatGPT-hallucinated citations Reuters reported that U.S. District Judge Fred Slaughter (Santa Ana, California) sanctioned plaintiffs’ counsel in an OnlyFans-parent lawsuit for AI-related citation errors. The court imposed $13,000 ...
2025-12-15	Federal judge sanctions Hagens Berman over ChatGPT-hallucinated citations Reuters reported that U.S. District Judge Fred Slaughter (Santa Ana, California) sanctioned plaintiffs’ counsel in an OnlyFans-parent lawsuit for AI-related citation errors. The court imposed $13,000...
2025-12-11	US President Signs Executive Order on AI Litigation Task Force President Trump signed an Executive Order establishing an AI Litigation Task Force within the DOJ to challenge state-level AI laws.
2025-12-09	ABA Issues Diligence Warning Over Errors in Judicial AI Decisions The American Bar Association's Litigation Section highlighted a rise in errors within judicial decisions and the resulting ethical duties for counsel to verify even court-issued text.
2025-09-24	Puerto Rico federal judge orders $24.4k fees over AI-style bogus citations in FIFA case A federal judge in Puerto Rico sanctioned two plaintiffs’ lawyers in an antitrust suit involving FIFA and the Puerto Rico Soccer League after filings contained at least 55 inaccurate or nonexistent le...
2025-09-16	Nevada judge offers sanctions-or-education ultimatum after ChatGPT fake citations A Nevada state-court judge found that a filing by two defense lawyers contained at least 14 apparently fictitious case citations, along with other misquoted or misrepresented authorities. After the la...
2025-09-03	LACBA newsletter ethics column warns of sanctions tied to AI-hallucinated citations A Los Angeles County Bar Association (LACBA) ethics column authored by John W. Amberg highlighted professional-responsibility risks as lawyers incorporate generative AI into drafting. The piece emphas...